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The 2011–2013 Chilean protests — known as the Chilean Winter (in particular reference to the massive protests of August 2011) or the Chilean Education Conflict (as labelled in Chilean media) — were a series of student-led protests across Chile, demanding a new framework for education in the country, including more direct state participation in secondary education and an end to the existence of profit in higher education. Currently in Chile, only 45% of high school students study in traditional public schools and most universities are also private. No new public universities have been built since the end of the Chilean transition to democracy in 1990, even though the number of university students has swelled. Beyond the specific demands regarding education, there is a feeling that the protests reflect a "deep discontent" among some parts of society with Chile's high level of inequality. Protests have included massive non-violent marches, but also a considerable amount of violence on the part of a side of protestors as well as riot police. The first clear government response to the protests was a proposal for a new education fund〔 and a cabinet shuffle which replaced Minister of Education Joaquín Lavín〔http://www.latercera.com/noticia/politica/2011/07/674-380393-9-pinera-opta-por-mantener-a-hinzpeter-incorporar-a-longueira-y-cambiar-de.shtml Canales, Javier. La Tercera July 18, 2011. Access date July 18, 2011〕 and was seen as not fundamentally addressing student movement concerns. Other government proposals were also rejected. Student protestors have not achieved all their objectives, but they contributed to a dramatic fall in Piñera's approval rating, which was measured at 26%–30% in August 2011 polls by respected Chilean pollsters and has not increased as of January 2012. ==Background== The onset of the 2011 Chilean protests have been attributed to several causes. ''The Economist'' explained the protests as being the result of "one of world’s lowest levels of public funding for higher education, some of the longest degrees and no comprehensive system of student grants or subsidized loans" and a flat job market as the detonant.〔(The struggle to make the grade ), ''The Economist'', October 8, 2011.〕 Historian Gabriel Salazar describes the student conflict as being the continuation of a long strife between popular citizen movements and civic and military dictatorships.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Perspectivas históricas del movimiento social-ciudadano )〕 BBC have attributed "students' anger" to "a perception that Chile's education system is grossly unfair – that it gives rich students access to some of the best schooling in Latin America while dumping poor pupils in shabby, under-funded state schools."〔(Chile student protests point to deep discontent ), BBC〕 Many newspapers and analysts have traced the protests back to the 2006 Penguin Revolution that occurred during the government of Michelle Bachelet, some claiming that these are the same secondary students who headed the 2006 movement that when in university are heading the 2011 student protests.〔(De protesterar för att nästa generation ska få en god utbildning ) ERGO, October 2011〕 Bachelet has defended the legacy of her government and said that in the aftermath of the Penguin Revolution the right-wing opposition prevented them from eliminating for-profit activity in education.〔(Bachelet y educación: Quisimos avanzar, no pudimos; hoy está la oportunidad ), Emol, October 7, 2011.〕 Right-wing politician Cristián Monckeberg responded to this by saying that if Bachelet had solved the problem in 2006, the students would not be protesting now.〔(RN: Si Bachelet hubiese resuelto los problemas los estudiantes no estarían marchando ), Emol, October 8, 2011.〕 In June 5 it was noted in the Chilean TV discussion show Tolerancia Cero that the Chilean students protests followed a cyclic pattern with major protests every 5 or 7 years. Víctor Lobos, intendant of Biobío Region attributed the protests to the increasing number of children born outside matrimony claiming that this condition made them susceptible to "anarchism".〔(Intendente del Biobío atribuye a "hijos fuera del matrimonio" el estallido social ), Emol, August 25, 2011.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2011–13 Chilean student protests」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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